Culture of India

Indian culture belong to different states of country and the culture of India is the way of life of the people of India. India's languages, religions, dance, music, architecture, food, and customs differ from place to place within the country. The Indian culture, often labeled as an amalgamation of several cultures, spans across the Indian subcontinent and has been influenced by a history that is several millennia old. Many elements of India's diverse cultures, such as Indian religions, yoga and Indian cuisine, have had a profound impact across the world. India’s culture is among the world's oldest; civilization in India began about 4,500 years ago. Many sources describe it as, Sa Prathama Sanskrati Vishvavara,  the first and the supreme culture in the world, according to the All World Gayatri Pariwar, AWGP, organization. The South, North, and Northeast have their own distinct cultures and almost every state has carved out its own cultural niche. There is hardly any culture in the world that is as varied and unique as India. India is a vast country, having variety of geographical features and climatic conditions. India is home to some of the most ancient civilizations and  the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism, collectively known as Indian religionsIndian religions are a major form of world religions along with Abrahamic ones. Today, Hinduism and Buddhism are the world's third and fourth-largest religions respectively, with over 2 billion followers altogether, and possibly as many as 2.5 or 2.6 billion followers. India is one of the most religiously diverse nations in the world, with some of the most deeply religious societies and cultures. Religion plays a central and definitive role in the life of many of its people. According to a 2001 census of India, the religion of 80% of the people is Hinduism. Islam is practised by around 13% of all Indians.The country had over 23 million Christians, over 19 million Sikhs, about 8 million Buddhists and about 4 million Jains. Early anthropologists once considered culture as an evolutionary process, and every aspect of human development was seen as driven by evolution, she told Live Science. In this view, societies outside of Europe or North America, or societies that did not follow the European or Western way of life, were considered primitive and culturally inferior.  Essentially this included all the colonized countries and people, such as African countries, India, and the Far East. For generations, India has had a prevailing tradition of the joint family system. It is a system under which extended members of a family – parents, children, the children's spouses and their offspring, etc,  live together. Usually, the oldest male member is the head in the joint Indian family system. He makes all important decisions and rules, and other family members abide by them. Weddings are festive occasions in India with extensive decorations, colors, music, dance, costumes and rituals that depend on the religion of the bride and the groom, as well as their preferences. The nation celebrates about 10 million weddings per year, of which over 80% are Hindu weddings.  A combination of these factors has resulted into an exclusive culture of Indian culture. Indian culture is a composite mixture of varying styles and influences. In the matter of cuisine, for instance, the North and the South are totally different. Festivals in India are characterized by color, gaiety, enthusiasm, prayers and rituals. In the realm of music, there are varieties of folk, popular, pop, and classical music. The classical tradition music in India includes the Carnatic and the Hindustani music. The Hindustani music tradition diverged from Carnatic music around the 13^th  to 14th centuries . The practice of singing based on notes was popular even from the Vedic times where the hymns in Sama Veda, an ancient religious text, were sung as Samagana and not chanted. Developing a strong and diverse tradition over several centuries, it has contemporary traditions established primarily in India but also in Pakistan and Bangladesh. In contrast to Carnatic music, the other main Indian classical music tradition originating from the South, Hindustani music was not only influenced by ancient Hindu musical traditions, historical Vedic philosophy and native Indian sounds but also enriched by the Persian performance practices of the Mughals. Classical genres are dhrupad, dhamar, khyal, tarana and sadra, and there are also several semi-classical forms. The two main traditions of classical music are Carnatic music, found predominantly in the peninsular regions, and Hindustani music, found in the northern, eastern and central regions. The basic concepts of this music and the present form of Carnatic music is based on historical developments that can be traced to the 15th - 16th centuries AD and thereafter. Light classical or semi-classical music include the following genres, among others: Thumri, Dadra, ghazal, Chaiti, Kajri , Tappa and Qawwali. India is a land of cultural diversities. Every region in India has its own form of folk music. This rich tradition of folk music is very much alive in not just rural India, but also in some metros. Though one may say that music has acquired a totally different definition with the arrival of pop culture and new age cinema, there are many who would beg to differ and Indian classical dances are performed inside the sanctum of the temple according to the rituals called Agama Nartanam. Natya Shastra classifies this type of dance form as margi, or a soul-liberating dance. Dances performed in royal courts to the accompaniment of classical music are called Carnatakam. A Hindu deity is considered a revered royal guest in his temple, and should be offered all of the sixteen hospitalities, among which are music and dance. The sixteen hospitalities, please the senses. The numerous and varied festivals that are held throughout the year offer a unique way of seeing Indian culture at its best. The following popular festivals in India will provide you with a truly memorable experience and  India, being a multi-cultural and multi-religious society, celebrates holidays and festivals of various religions. Diwali is a five day festival that represents the start of the Hindu New Year. It's known as the, Festival of Lights, for all the fireworks, small clay lamps, and candles that are lit during the celebrations. These lights are said to represent the victory of good over evil, and brightness over darkness. The candlelight makes Diwali a very warm and atmospheric festival, and it's observed with much joy and happiness. Indian New year festival are celebrated in different part of India with unique style in different times. Ugadi, Bihu, Gudhi Padwa, Puthandu, Vishu and Vishuva Sankranti are the New years festival of different part of India. Holi is a two day festival that also celebrates the victory of good over evil, as well as the abundance of the spring harvest season. It's commonly referred to as the, Festival of Colors. People exuberantly throw colored powder and water all over each other, have parties, and dance under water sprinklers. Bhang  is also traditionally consumed during the celebrations. Holi is a very carefree festival that's great fun to participate in if you don’t mind getting wet and dirty. Onam is a traditional ten day harvest festival that marks the homecoming of the mythical King Mahabali. It’s a festival rich in culture and heritage. The south Indian state of Kerala is filled with temples that are renowned for their exotic temple festivals. The large processions of elephants, resplendent in ornaments, are the main attractions of these festivals. The processions are accompanied by colorful floats, drummers and other musicians. Clothing in India varies from region to region depending on the ethnicity, geography, climate and cultural traditions of the people of that region. Historically, men and women clothing has evolved from simple Langotas, and loincloths to cover the body to elaborate costumes not only used in daily wear but also on festive occasions as well as rituals and dance performances. In urban areas, western clothing is common and uniformly worn by people of all strata.  In India, woman's clothing varies widely and is closely associated with the local culture, religion and climate and A saree or sari is a female garment in the Indian subcontinent.  A sari is a strip of unstitched cloth, ranging from four to nine meters in length,  that is draped over the body in various styles, a Ghagra Choli or a Lehenga Choli is the traditional clothing of women in Rajasthan and Gujarat.[citation needed] Punjabis also wear them and they are used in some of their folk dances. It is a combination of lehenga, a tight choli and an odhani. A lehenga is a form of a long skirt which is pleated. It is usually embroidered or has a thick border at the bottom and Salwar is a generic description of the lower garment incorporating the Sindhi suthan, Dogri pajamma and the Kashmiri suthan. The Salwar kameez is the traditional wear of women in Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. The suthan, similar to the salwar is common in Sindh and Kashmir,  and some other dresses also weard in India. Indian food is different from rest of the world not only in taste but also in cooking methods. It reflects a perfect blend of various cultures and ages. Just like Indian culture, food in India has also been influenced by various civilizations, which have contributed their share in its overall development and the present form.  Here are names of some Indian dishes  Aloo baingan, Aloo ki Tikki, Aloo Matar, Aloo methi, Aloo shimla mirch, Baigan bharta, Biryani, Butter Chicken, Chaat, Chapathi, Dal fry with tadka, Gajar ka Halwa, Kheer, Kofta and some more dishes known throughout in India and Indian culture is very rich and colorful.

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Culture of Australia

Culture of Australia is very rich and combination of multi-cultures and The culture of Australia is essentially a Western culture influenced by the unique geography of the Australian continent, the diverse input of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, the British colonisation of Australia that began in 1788, and the various waves of multi-ethnic migration that followed. The predominance of the English language, the existence of a democratic system of government drawing upon the British traditions of Westminster Government, Parliamentarianism and constitutional monarchy, American constitutionalist and federalist traditions, Christianity as the dominant religion, and the popularity of sports originating in the British Isles, are all evidence of a significant Anglo Celtic heritage. Australian culture has diverged significantly since British settlement in 1788. Australians are very down to earth and always mindful of not giving the impression that they think they are better than anyone else. They value authenticity, sincerity, and loathe pretentiousness. Australians prefer people who are modest, humble, self- deprecating and with a sense of humour. They do not draw attention to their academic or other achievements and tend to distrust people who do. They often downplay their own success, which may make them appear not to be achievement-oriented. The initial population of Australia was made up of Aborigines and people of British and Irish descent. After World War II there was heavy migration from Europe, especially from Greece, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, Yugoslavia, Lebanon, and Turkey. This was in response to the Australian policy of proactively trying to attract immigrants to boost the population and work force. In the last thirty years, Australia has liberalised its immigration policy and opened its borders to South East Asia. This has caused a real shift in self-perception as Aussies begin to re-define themselves as a multi-cultural and multi-faith society rather then the old homogenous, white, Anglo- Saxon, Protestant nation. Australia Day Live is a concert on the grounds of Parliament House in Canberra, Australia, hosted each year on 25 January. The concert, first launched in 2004, features music from Australian artists and musicians. Australia Day Live is preceded by the Australian of the Year Awards. The name of the concert was changed in 2012 to Australia Celebrates Live. Australia Celebrates Live is a free concert held on the lawns of Parliament House in Canberra every Australia Day eve (25 January). It features a line-up of Australian acts. On the afternoon of the concert people arrive at the venue and settle in to have some fun with family and friends. Once the Awards ceremony is complete, the concert continues with each artist performing a full set of music. Australia’s Indigenous people celebrate and share their culture at many colourful traditional and contemporary festivals throughout the year. Visit a remote Gove Peninsula community at the Garma Festival or travel back to the Dreamtime at Walking with Spirits. Head to Cape York Peninsula for the Laura Aboriginal Dance Festival. Browse a diverse range of Aboriginal art at the Darwin or Cairns Aboriginal Art Fairs. Enjoy everything from concerts to comedy at Saltwater Freshwater Festival on the New South Wales North Coast. Catch a performance of Bangarra Dance Theatre, Australia’s leading Indigenous performing arts company as it tours city and regional venues across Australia. The Adelaide Festival of Arts has created a strong tradition of innovation since 1960, inspiring, challenging and entertaining artists and performers across theatre, dance, music, visual arts, literature and more. Held in the warm South Australian autumn every year, this vital and prestigious celebration of art from around the globe has defined South Australia as the nation’s premier festival state. Yabun is the largest single day Indigenous festival in Australia, drawing an audience of between 10,000 and 15,000 people on Australia Day. It is one of the most important Indigenous music events in the country reflecting the wealth of Indigenous creative talent. Some of Australia's best Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander music from around the country is featured, from well established artists to those just emerging on the scene. Yabun also delivers a current and informative cultural program, with discussions and speeches by some of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community's most recognised leaders, academics, politicians and artists. Melbourne International Arts Festival has a reputation for presenting unique international and Australian events in the fields of dance, theatre, music, visual arts, multimedia, and free and outdoor events over 17 days each October. First staged in 1986 under the direction of composer Gian Carlo Menotti, it became the third in the Spoleto Festival series – joining Spoleto, Italy, and Charleston, United States. Melbourne's Spoleto Festival changed its name to the Melbourne International Festival of the Arts in 1990. In 2003, the festival was renamed Melbourne International Arts Festival. The music of Australia has an extensive history stretching back to the Indigenous and colonial societies. Indigenous Australian music is a part of the unique heritage of a 40,000 to 60,000 year history which produced the iconic didgeridoo. Contemporary fusions of Indigenous and Western styles, exemplified in the works of No Fixed Address, Yothu Yindi, Christine Anu and Geoffrey Gurrumul Yunupingu, mark distinctly Australian contributions to world music. During its early western history, Australia was a collection of British colonies, and Australian folk music and bush ballads such as Waltzing Matilda were heavily influenced by Anglo Celtic traditions, while classical forms were derived from those of Europe. Contemporary Australian music ranges across a broad spectrum with trends often concurrent with those of the US, the UK, and similar nations notably in the Australian rock and Australian country music genres. Tastes have diversified along with post-World War II multicultural immigration to Australia. The music of Australia has played a major role in the development of our nation. Defining an 'Australian musical sound' is about recognition of rhythmic patterns derived from our environment and a sense of place, as well as the Indigenous and the culturally diverse aspects of Australian life. Indigenous music in Australia uses the environment itself to generate unique sounds and rhythms. In addition, traditional influences from a largely migrant population have contributed significantly to the definition of Australian music. Australia's classical musicians and teachers are world standard. Violinist and viola player Barbara Jane Gilby spent fifteen years as Concertmaster of the Tasmanian Symphony Orchestra after earlier participation in a variety of ensembles including the Wurttemberg Chamber Orchestra and North German Radio Orchestra, Hannover. Elizabeth Wallfisch, an orchestra director as well as soloist, and chamber musician, returned to Australia in 2004-05 to direct concerts from the violin with the West Australian Symphony Orchestra and the Queensland Orchestra after twenty years experience of directing orchestras all over the world. Australian jazz musicians, like Don Burrows and James Morrison, continue to attract significant audience support. Innovation is an integral component to jazz and it is represented in the work of artists like alto saxophonists Berne McGann, pianist Mike Nock and saxophonist Dale Barlow - all achievers on the world stage. The history of jazz and related genres in Australia extends back into the 19th century. During the gold rush locally formed, blackface, white actor musicians in blackface, minstrel troupes began to tour Australia, touring not only the capital cities but also many of the booming regional towns like Ballarat and Bendigo. Minstrel orchestra music featurics including improvisatory embellishment and polyrhythm in the banjo playing and clever percussion breaks. Some genuine African-American minstrel and jubilee singing troupes toured from the 1870s. A more jazz like form of minstrelsy reached Australia in the late 1890s in the form of improvisatory and syncopated coon song and cake-walk music, two early forms of ragtime. Australia has no official language, it is largely monolingual with English being the de facto national language. Australian English has a distinctive accent and vocabulary. According to the 2011 census, 76.8% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Mandarin 1.6%, Italian 1.4%, Arabic 1.3%, Cantonese 1.2% and Greek 1.2%. While English is the dominant language in Australia, many people speak a language other than English within their families and communities. This linguistic diversity is an asset for Australia and makes us more competitive in trade as well as fostering international ties and cultural exchange. Australian English probably originated as a combination of British regional dialects used by groups of convicts and others who came to the colonies. Australian English is different from British and American English but does not vary much regionally  While Australia has no single uniform national costume, an Australian national dress style, based on specific local dress styles, has emerged in response to climate, lifestyle and identity. This is reflected in the modern design of dress by emerging and established designers which incorporate particular defining elements. Australian is multi-cultural nation that live together in peace and love. Australia progresses by leaps and bounds.

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Saraiki Culture of Pakistan

The Saraikis are very peaceful and beautiful people and also known as Multani people, are ethnically Aryan race, a group or an amalgamation of the Punjabi people and long established Pashtun people in the region with some distinct cultural adaptions, due to proximity to Sindh and Balochistan, and linguistically speak the Saraiki. Saraiki culture is the culture of the Saraiki people, residing in Pakistan and outside Pakistan.  Since the name of the Saraiki came into being after the creation of Pakistan, so much of the literature in this language is pretty recent. Saraiki language was standardized in the 1960s so no written Saraiki literature existed before that. The recent Saraiki is famous for its Sufi poetry. Different arts and crafts flourished in the urban areas of Multan and Bahawalpur among which music and dance are important cultural elements and are part of most of the celebrations and ceremonies. Jhoomar is the traditional Saraiki folk dance that originated from Multan and Balochistan. It is a lively form of music and dance and it is slow and rhythmic. The word ,Jhoomar, comes from jhoom, which means swaying. The songs evoke a quality reminiscent of swaying. The content of these songs is varied; they are usually love with emotional songs, too. The Jhoomar is a dance of ecstasy. Jhoomar is performed usually at the wedding ceremonies. It is a living demonstration of the happiness. The dance is mostly performed by the Balochi and Saraiki people of Southern Punjab. This region has produced a number of talented people in the music industry. Songs in Saraiki mostly revolve around the beauty of the desert and famous singers of this region include Attaullah Khan Essa Khailwi, Pathanay Khan, Abida Parveen, Mansoor Malangi, Nadeem Abbas, Shazia Khushk, Talib Hussain Dard, Nadeem lonay wala.  Most of the festivals are based on Islamic calendar and the events held for the remembrance of Sufi Saints and to commemorate the Muslim traditions in the region. Some of the festivals include Eid ul Fiter, Eid ul Azha, Sangh Mela is a Vaisakhi fair celebrated during March and April in Sakhi Sarwar by people coming from Jhang and Faisalabad. It is celebrated especially at the time of wheat harvesting and it is also known as Basant in some areas. Pir Adil Mela is celebrated at the shrine of Hazrat Pir Adil and national horse and cattle show is also sometimes merged with this mela. It is usually celebrated in February every year for ten days. People usually wear Shalwar kameez, which is the national dress of Pakistan. The traditional male dress is Lungi with Chola. Chadar is also an important part of male and female dress. Women wear bochanrr and men wear Patka on the head. Women also used to wear ghagra but it is not used only for wedding and parties. Saraiki Language is very sweet and beautiful.

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Culture of Gilgit Baltistan

It is the fact that Gilgit Baltistan is area of adventurism and a very old culture. Hence, the culture of this people is rather unique and originates somewhere in extreme antiquity. Gilgit Baltistan have managed to protect the traditions and customs of people who are the basis of the cultural life of the nation. The famous trio band music is played in this region as in most of the other regions. On the rhythm of this loud music, men love to dance in their typical way and . The poetry varies region to region but musical instruments are same. Hareep, khiling boo.chang, Porgho-too are some locally famous music instruments while Dadang, drum, Damal, Sitar, Gabi, Rabab and Surnai are also used in various festivals of Gilgit Baltistan.There are some variations in lyrics from region to region. Because of the multicultural and multi lingual aspects: people also have a beautiful mix of lifestyles and attitudes. These range from the typical people tending to preserve the traditions and culture to the modern people somehow influenced by other cultures, media and education. That makes a pluralistic society having a range of people with various backgrounds and living together with peace and tranquility. There are mainly two types of festivals i.e. religious and cultural. Religious festivals include: Eid-e-Ghadir, Edi-ul-Fitr and Eid Miladul Nabi, the birth anniversary of Prophet Muhammad Peace be upon Him. There are some other important events specific to different communities of interpretation which are celebrated with complete peace and fraternity and the culture of Gilgit Baltistan is very rich and beautiful.

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The Culture of Kashmir

Cultur of Kashmir is Multi-dimensional and Attractive

Kashmir, is a land of fabled beauty and eternal romance, blessed by nature with breath taking scenery and a glorious climate. The Kashmir valley, a fertile well watered spot, surrounded by high mountains has been described with justification as a, heaven on earth, a produce rich oasis an area not noted for its abundance. Cultural heritage of Kashmir is as multi dimensional as the variegated backdrop of its physical exuberance which has nursed and inspired it all along.The culture of in Kashmir in Pakistan bears many similarities and resemblances to Northern Punjab,Potohari, culture in Punjab province. Many natives of Pakistani Kashmir speak Potwari and the Pahari languages, which are dialects of the larger Punjabi language. The culture of Kashmir refers to the culture and traditions of Kashmir, a region in northern India, consisting of Jammu and Kashmir, northeast Pakistan, consisting of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit Baltistan, and the Chinese territory of Aksai Chin. 

The most important part of the cultural identity of the Kashmiri people is the Kashmiri, Koshur, language. This language is spoken only in the Valley of Kashmir by the Kashmiri Pandits and Kashmiri Muslims. Language is the mode of communication used in any area. Urdu, Kashmiri and gojri are the official languages of Azad, Jammu and Kashmir whereas, Hindi, Pahari and Ladakhi, Dograi, Kashmiri,  are also spoken in some parts. Northwestern Dardic language of the Indo Aryan branch of the Indo Iranian subfamily of the Indo European language family is primarily utilized in Jammu Kashmir whereas language used in Azad Kashmir is Pahari because this part of Kashmir normally contains mountains and hilly areas. Furthermore, variation in language is found when we travel in different areas of Kashmir the accent, pronunciation, and at times meanings varies from area to area. The arabic script is followed as their writing script. Kashmiri cuisines include a variety of meat based dishes like Rogan Josh, a lamb dish. Wazwan is a multi-course dish which is served on occasions like weddings. and culture has been greatly influenced by Central Asian and Persian cultures for both communities. 

The folk dances of Jammu include the, Kud, a ritual dance in honour of local deities, the, Heren, a genre of folk theatre, the 'Fumenie' and 'Jagarana' sung by women at weddings, and ballads of Gwatri and Karak. The hill region of Kashmir has a rich tradition of music deeply influenced by Sufism. The, Hafiz Nagma, is a genre of Sufi music performed by a female dancer along with musicians playing the saz, santoor, tabla and sitar while the 'Bhand Pather' is the popular folk theatre that usually features plays with satirical themes. The saz, santoor, sarangi, rabab and garaha are musical instruments indigenous to Jammu and Kashmir and accompany, Chakri, folk singers and cultural music and dance like Wanvun, Rouf, carpet or shawl weaving and Koshur Sufiana forms a very important part of kashmiri identity. It is important to emphasize that Kashmiri culture is predominantly only in the Valley of Kashmir. Other regions of the Larger Jammu and Kashmir state, such as Jammu and Ladakh are very different from Kashmir. Culture of Ladakh is well known for its unique Indo-Tibetan culture. Chanting in Sanskrit and Tibetan language is an integral part of Ladakh's Buddhist lifestyle.

Annual masked dance festivals, weaving and archery are an important component of traditional life in Ladakh. Jammu's Dogra culture and tradition are very different from the Kashmiri culture. The Dogra culture is instead much similar to that of neighbouring Punjab and Himachal Pradesh. Traditional Punjabi festivals such as Lohri and Vaisakhi are celebrated with great zeal and enthusiasm throughout the region, along with Accession Day, an annual holiday which commemorates the accession of Jammu & Kashmir to the Dominion of India. The people of Jammu and Kashmir are known for their warmth and hospitality. They are simple, hospitable people and being invited to a village wedding or into somebody’s house for a hot cup of tea is not surprising. The culture of Kashmir is a diverse blend and highly influenced by northern South Asian as well as Central Asian culture. Along with its scenic beauty, Kashmir is famous for its cultural heritage; it amalgamates the Muslim, Hindu, Sikh and Buddhist philosophies and has involved composite culture based on the values of humanism and tolerance which is collectively known as Kashmiriyat.

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Culture of Province of Sindh

Sindhi Culture has its Roots in Old Indus Civilization 

Sindh is a repository of varied cultural values and has remained the seat of civilization and meeting point of diverse cultures from times immemorial.Culture of Sindh has its roots in the Indus Valley Civilization. Sindh has been shaped by the geography of the largely desert region, the natural resources it had available and the continuous foreign influences. Indus or Sindhu River that passes through the land and the Arabian Sea, that defines its borders, also supported the seafaring traditions among the local people. Depending on population, Sindh is the second largest province of Pakistan. Karachi port and Arabian Sea are the possessions of the Sindh. Sindh has a different language, traditions, folklore, customs and lifestyle from rest of the country. The regional climate also reflects why the Sindhi have the language, folklore, traditions, customs and lifestyle that are so different from the neighbouring regions.Sindhi culture is also practiced by the Sindhi diaspora. Sindhi culture is the fusion of various cultures. Sindh is ruled by various dynasties such as the Arabs. Mughals also ruled on a major part of the sub continent, then Arghuns came and ruled. Soomras and Kalhoras are also in the list of the rulers. Therefore, the people of Sindh after Independence on August 14, 1947 developed their own exclusive artistic culture and traditions. 

Sindhi language is the oldest language of Pakistan. Sindhi language used to be spoken in the southern part of sub continent. People of Sindh are more inclined towards an agricultural based lifestyle. The fertile Indus Plains provide a valuable source of income for the local people who practice farming on these lands. Inland fishing is also practiced along the Indus River in Upper Sind providing further opportunities for indigenous people. Itinerant way of lifestyle is commonly seen in the deserted regions of Thar where people move from place to place in search for drinking water sources along with their animals. The roots of Sindhi culture and civilization date back to the distant past. Archaeological researches during 19th and 20th centuries showed the roots of social life, religion and culture of the people of the Sindh, their agricultural practices, traditional arts and crafts, customs and tradition and other parts of social life, going back to a ripe and mature Indus Valley Civilization of the third millennium BC. Recent researches have traced the Indus valley civilization to even earlier ancestry. Sindhi poetry is also prominent in Sindhi culture. Poetry of Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai. Sachal Sarmast is very famous amongst all of Pakistanis. Regional poets are Shaikh Ayaz, Ustaad Bhukhari, Ahmed Khan, Madhoosh, Adal Soomro, Ayaz Gul, Abdul Ghaffar Tabasum, G.N.Qureshi, Rukhsana Preet, Waseem Soomro. Many Sindhi poets are doing their poetry work continuously. 

The culture of Sindh is very rich and Sindhi people are very simple and their lifestyle is also very simple. Ajrak and Sindhi Topi are the symbols of Sindhi culture and civilization for thousands of years. Ajrak, basically, is a name given to unique block print shawls. Sindhi culture displays special designs and pattern in these shawls. Mostly, red, black and yellow colors are used while making these shawls. Sindh has a rich heritage of traditional handicraft that has evolved over the centuries. Perhaps the most professed exposition of Sindhi culture is in the handicrafts of Hala, a town some 30 kilometres from Hyderabad. Hala’s artisans manufacture high-quality and impressively priced wooden handicrafts, textiles, paintings, handmade paper products, and blue pottery. Lacquered wood works are known as Jandi, painting on wood, tiles, and pottery known as Kashi, hand woven textiles including khadi, susi, and ajraks are synonymous with Sindhi culture preserved in Hala’s handicraftt. Sindhi language is an ancient language spoken in Pakistan and many other parts of the world. It is just an Indo-Aryan language spoken by approximately 41 million people in Pakistan, and 12 million people in India; it is the second most spoken language of Pakistan, mostly spoken in the Sindh province. 

It is a recognized official language in Pakistan, and also an official language in India. Government of Pakistan issues National Identity Cards to its citizens only in two languages Sindhi and Urdu. Sindhi language is also strongly influenced by Sanskrit and about 70% of the words in Sindhi are of Sanskrit origin. Sindhi is a very rich language with a vast vocabulary; this has made it a favorite of many writers and so a lot of literature and poetry has been developed in Sindhi. It has become the inspiration for Sindhi art, music, literature, culture and the way of life. Sindhi music has its own unique quality. It is performed in many different ways. Sufi music is performed at shrines, and other simple music is performed at studios and gatherings The language can be written using the Devanagri or Arabic script. There are numerous traditional sports which are very famous in Sindh. Malakhro is one of the most famous games in Sindh. KodiKodi, Wanjh wati, Notinn, Thipai Rand, Beelarhoo and Biloor are some other famous games.

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