Gilgit
Baltistan is the paradise of beauty and adventurism
Gilgit Baltistan
formerly known as the Northern Areas, is the northernmost administrative
territory of Pakistan. It borders Azad Kashmir to the south, the province of
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to the west, the Wakhan Corridor of Afghanistan to the
north, Xinjiang, China, to the east and northeast and Jammu and Kashmir to the
southeast.
The
territory of present day Gilgit Baltistan
became a separate administrative unit in 1970 under the name, Northern Areas.
It was formed by the amalgamation of the former Gilgit Agency, the Baltistan
District and several small former princely states, the larger of which being
Hunza Nagar. In 2009, it was granted limited autonomy and renamed to Gilgit Baltistan via the Self Governance
Order signed by Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari, which also aimed to
empower the people of Gilgit Baltistan.
However, scholars state that the real power rests with the governor and not
with the chief minister or elected assembly. The Pakistan government has
rejected Gilgit Baltistani calls for
integration with Pakistan on the grounds that it would jeopardise its demands
for the whole Kashmir issue to be resolved according to UN resolutions. Gilgit Baltistan covers an area of over
72,971 km² (28,174 sq mi) and is highly mountainous. It had an estimated
population of 1,800,000 in 2015. Its capital city is Gilgit (population 216,760 est). Gilgit Baltistan is home to five of the, eight thousanders and to
more than fifty peaks above 7,000 metres (23,000 ft). Three of the world's
longest glaciers outside the polar regions are found in Gilgit Baltistan. Tourism is mostly in trekking and mountaineering,
and this industry is growing in importance.
District Astore of Gilgit Baltistan
Astore
is one of the nine districts of the Gilgit
Baltistan, Pakistan. The district contains the Astore Valley and is bounded
to the west by Diamer District, from which it was separated in 2004, to the
north by Gilgit District, to the east by Skardu District and to the south by
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Neelum District of Azad Kashmir. According to the 1998
Census of Pakistan the population was 71,666 and this district is the recently
established district headquarters at Gilgit
Baltistan with its district headquarters at Eidgah. The Astore Valley is
comprised of numerous valleys and villages where the prominent ones are Rama,
Gorikot, Rehmanpur, Rattu. Bunji, Dashkin and Chilim, among others. Of
particular note in the District are Parbat (Rupal Face) and Rama Lake.
Diamer District of Gilgit Baltistan
The
Diamer District is the gateway to the Gilgit
Baltistan if driving from Islamabad via the Karkorum Highway or Kaghan
Valley through Babusar or Butogah passes. The area has been important since the
pre-historic period and numerous traces of ancient rock carvings are found in
different shapes, especially rock inscribed pictures and writings which are
spread all around the region. The important places in Diamer District are
Tangir, Darel, Chiias, Bunar Das, Gonar Farm and Raikot. Of particular note in
this District are Nanga Parbat (8,125m) Raikot Face and Fairy Meadows, some of
the most picturesque places in the world and this is the district, in which the
Karakoram Highway enters that territory from the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the
capital of the district is Chilas. Diamer District is bounded by Astore
District in the east, by the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in the southwest, separated by the
Babusar Pass or Babusar Top, Neelum District of Azad Kashmir in the south, the
Ghizer District in the north and northwest, and the Gilgit District in the north and northeast.
Gilgit District of Gilgit Baltistan
Gilgit strategically the
most important region in the Karakorams and the trade centre of the region for
centuries, is the capital town and administrative centre of the Federally
Administered Gilgit Baltistan. The
area is watered by the Ghizer Gilgit,
Hunza and Indus rivers and several of their tributaries and the district
includes Gilgit town, Bagrot Valley,
Juglot, Danyore, Naltar, and Nomal. The highest peak in the district is
Distaghil Sar (7,885m) which is the seventh highest peak in Pakistan and 19th
highest on earth. Gilgit was an important
city on the Silk Road through which religions were spread to and from the
region. At one time the region was under the influence of Buddhism and a large
number of Buddhist texts have been discovered at various places. A valuable
account of the region is found from the writings of Fa Hsien and Hsuan Tsang,
ancient travelers along the Silk Road. There has been found in Dardic influence
as well. Gilgit was ruled for centuries by the local Trakhane Dynasty which
came to an end in 1810 and was followed by the rule of Sikhs and the British
before declaring independence in 1947 and becoming part of Pakistan in 1948. Of
particular note in this district are Naltar, 35 km from Gilgit and a
picturesque grassland surrounded by high peaks with accessible glacial lakes
and in the winter there is a private ski resort run under the auspices of the
Pakistan Air Force and for military personnel only. Near to Gilgit there is the Kargah Buddha, a
rock wall carved Buddha dating back to the 8th century AD while a little
further on is the ruins of a Buddhist monastery and stupa.
Ghizer District of Gilgit Baltistan
This
region west of Gilgit has been ruled by various native Rajas of Yasin and
Punial and later divided between the Mehthar of Chitral and the Maharaja of
Kashmir. After 1948, the area became a part of the NAs as a district. The major
places are Punial which is a former small kingdom and Sherqilla which has a
wood carved mosque and 150 year old watchtower. Fishing is a different activity
in the villages. Ghizer is a crossroads between Gilgit and Chitral and also to China, Tajikistan via Qurumber pass
through Ishkomen or Darkut Yasin, which are connected via Shandur Pass. Ghizer
is a multi-ethnic district and three major languages are spoken; shina, khowar and
Burushaski. There are also Wakhi speakers in Ishkoman and some Tajiks. Further
west, on the main road from Gilgit
to Chitral, is the important town of Gahkuch and the administrative centre for
the district. Yasin is a green and picturesque region. The local inhabitants
are mainly Ismailis. The Ishkoman valley is another delightful region in
Ghizer. Phander is one of the most interesting places in the district. It is
well connected by a metalled road to Gilgit.
A leisure day at Phander to fishing in the lake is ideal for holiday makers. ShandurPass,
the bordering plateau between Gilgit
and Chitral is more famous for its annual polo tournament and gala. It offers
superb panorama as the vast plateau fills with alpine flowers and the lake on
the pass makes it more picturesque.
Hunza /Nagar District of Gilgit
Baltistan
This
is the new district formed in the Gilgit
Baltistan comprising of the valleys of Hunza and Nagar. Hunza Nagar
District was the seventh district of Gilgit Baltistan of Pakistan. The district
now has been divided into two districts of Hunza and Nagar. Hunza was a former
princely state for about 900 years which came to an end in 1974. Hunza valley
is the prime attraction for tourists as the spectacular scenery of the
surrounding mountains is overwhelming. A view of four 7,000 m high peaks, like
Rakaposhi, Diran, Golden and Ultar, from diverse points of Hunza makes it
unique. The valley is famous for its delicious fruits, terraced fields, and
also for its changing colours in various seasons. Hunza is a tourist friendly
region. The present literacy rate of the valley is above 90%. Of particular
interest, in this district are: Baltit Fort, a 700 years old building, made of
mud, rocks and wood, is impressive and has been recently renovated and turned
into a heritage museum. A walk through the villages with terraced fields is a
pleasant experience. The bazaar of Karimabad is colorful and the main items of
interest include local handicrafts, souvenirs, hand woven rugs, embroidered
caps, shawls, hand woven cloth known as paffu and gemstones. In the Upper Hunza or Gojal area, the towering mountain land of Khunjerab with its crest at 4,743
m is a wide snow plateau and serves as the border between Pakistan and China.
The region beyond Dhee is declared at Khunjerab National Park. While driving
through the park one can see grazing wild asses, yaks, marmots and ibex. The
sight of Marco Polo sheep and urial is rare. Snow leopard is also found, but
the sighting is occasional. There is a Tourist Facilitation Centre at Zero
Point, Khunjerab Pass. Nagar has been in a state of equal status and importance
as that of Hunza. Although the valley is spread in a vast region, however the
main village of Nagar is just opposite to Karimabad, across the Hunza River.
Bar, Jaffarabad, Husanabad, Sikandarabad, Nilt and Ghulmit are the major
villages in Nagar. Presently there is no proper accommodation facility
available, apart from a nice secluded place in Minapin village. Rakaposhi
Trekking options include Rakaposhi Base Camp, Rush Lake and Rush Peak routes,
while the most notable is Hisper Pass, connecting the region with Baltistan.
Skardu District of Gilgit Baltistan
It
is bounded on the southeast by Kargil district in the Indian Administered Jammu
and Kashmir, on the east by Ghanche District, on the northeast by Xinjiang
(China), on the south by Baramulla and Kargil District, on the west by district
Astore and on the north by Gilgit District and Skardu town is located near the
confluence of Shigar and Indus rivers, and is watered by the stream flowing
down the Sadpara Lake. Despite the fact that Skardu is the base camp for the
routes to some of the world's highest peaks, low altitude mountains surround
the town. The old bazaar has a few mountaineering equipment, second hand, shops
and others provide basic provisions required by trekking and climbing parties. Of
particular interest in this district are Khorpocho Fort, Manthal Rock, Buddhist
carving, Sadpara and Kachura Lakes, including the upscale resort of Shangrila
while so 3 full day excursions are a visit to Deosai Plains, the second highest
plateau in the world, and the Shigar valley with an impressive renovated fort
and fruit orchards.
Ghanche District of Gilgit Baltistan
Ghanche
has two major divisions, Khaplu and Mc'herbrum. Hushe, under the shadow of
Masherbrum Peak, is the gateway to various important peaks and glaciers. The
capital of Ghanche District is Khaplu. This region is the coldest place within
Pakistan also called the "Third Pole" with temperatures reaching below
-20 °C in the winter. Khaplu Valley and Hushe Valley form the gateway for the
great Baltoro Muztagh, the subrange of Karakoram that includes the mighty peaks
of K2 (8,611 m), Broad Peak (8,047 m), Gasherbrums (8,000+ m) and Masherbrum
(7,821 m), all of which are included in the Skardu District. A 102km drives
mostly along the Shyok river take to Khaplu, the district headquarters of
Ghanche. Khaplu Palace and Chaqchan Mosque are the interesting places to visit.
The palace was the summer residence of the ex-ruler’s family. The mosque was
built around 1500 AC and boasts to be the oldest mosque in Ba iitan. The
building shows Buddhist influence and Tibetan architecture. Ghondoghoro Pass at
5,650 m is one of the most popular and challenging trekking routes in the
world. Other places to trek to with relative ease are the base camp of
Masherburm Peak and Thalle La.
History of Gilgit Baltistan
Between
399 and 414, the Chinese Buddhist pilgrim Faxian, Fahsien, visited Gilgit Baltistan, while in the 6th century Somana
Palola, greater Gilgit Chilas, was
ruled by an unknown king. Between 627 and 645: The Chinese Buddhist pilgrim
Xuanzang, Hsüantsang, travelled through this region. From 644 to 655, 671:
Navasurendrādityanandi was King of Palola. In 706/707, Jayama Ṅgalavikramādityanandi
became the King of Palola. It is said that in the year 717, a delegation of a
ruler of great Palola, named Sufushelijilini according to the transcription of
Chinese characters, reached the Chinese imperial court. In 719, Sufushelijilini,
King of Palola, sent a second delegation to the Chinese Imperial Court. At
least in 719/720 Ladakh was part of the Tibetan Empire. About 720 Buddhism is
practiced in Baltistan and Sanskrit
was the written language. It is unknown if Baltistan temporarily belonged at
that time to Palolo.720: Delegation of Soulintoiche, Surendrāditya, King of
Palola, to the Chinese imperial court. The Emperor gives the ruler of Cashmere
the title of "King of Cashmere".At least 721/722: Baltistan is part of the Tibetan Empire. 721/722: The conquest of Little
Palola or Bruzha by the Tibetan army fails. Mochingmang is King of Palola.
With 723 727/28: The Korean Buddhist pilgrim Hyecho reached Palola. In 737 / 738 Tibetan troops,
under the leadership of Minister SKyesbzang ldongtsab conquer Little Palola.
740/41: The Tibetan Princess Khrimalod was
sent as a bride of Sushihlichi, the ruler of Little Palola. 747: Reconquest of Palola by
a Chinese army under the leadership of the ethnic Korean commander Gao Xianzhi,
Kao Hsienchih. 753: Conquest of Great Palola by a Chinese army under the
military Governor Feng Changqing until 755 due to the An Lushan rebellion the
Chinese lost its supremacy in Central Asia and in the regions around Gilgit Baltistan. Gilgit Baltistan was
ruled by many local rulers amongst them Maopons of Skardu and Rajas of Hunza
were famous. The Maqpons of Skardu unified Gilgit baltistan with chitral,
ladakh especially in the era of Ali Sher Khan Anchan who had a friendly
relation with the Mughal court. Anchan reign brought prosperity in art, sport,
and variety in architecture He introduce polo in gilgit region and in chitral
he sent a group of musicians in Delhi to learn Indian music and due relation
with Mughals The Mughal architecture influenced architecture of the region as
well. After the defeat of the Sikhs in the first Anglo Sikh war, it became a
part of the princely state with the name Jammu and Kashmir in 1846 under the
rule of the Dogras who ruled the region more than a century. It remained so
till a rebellion, organized by commander Major William Brown of the Gilgit Scouts mutinied and overthrew
Ghansara Singh, the Governor administering the region on behalf of the Maharaja
of Jammu and Kashmir on 1 November 1947. The provisional government lasted 16
days. Scholar Yaqoob Khan Bangash states that the people of Gilgit as well as those of Chilas, Koh
Ghizer, Ishkoman, Yasin, Punial, Hunza and Nagar joined Pakistan by choice. After
taking control of Gilgit, Gilgit Scouts along with Azad irregulars moved
towards Baltistan and Ladakh and
captured Skardu in May 1948. They successfully blocked the Indian
reinforcements and subsequently captured Dras and Kargill as well, cutting off
the Indian communications to Leh in Ladakh. Indian forces mounted an offensive
in Autumn 1948 and recaptured all of Kargil district. Baltistan region, however, came under Gilgit control. On 1 January 1948, India took the issue of Jammu
and Kashmir to the United Nations Security Council. In April 1948, the Council
passed a resolution calling for Pakistan to withdraw from all of Jammu and
Kashmir and India to reduce its forces to the minimum level, following which a
plebiscite would be held to ascertain the people's wishes. However, no
withdrawal was ever carried out. India insisting that Pakistan had to withdraw
first and Pakistan contending that there was no guarantee that India would
withdraw afterwards. Gilgit Baltastan
and a western portion of the state called Azad Jammu and Kashmir have remained under the control of Pakistan
since then.
Government Administrative divisions
The territory
of present day Gilgit Baltistan
became a separate administrative unit in 1970 under the name "Northern
Areas". It was formed by the amalgamation of the former Gilgit Agency, the Baltistan District
of the Ladakh Wazarat, and the hill states of Hunza and Nagar. It presently
consists of nine districts, has a population approaching one million, an area
of approximately 28,000 square miles (73,000 km2), and shares borders with
Pakistan, China, Afghanistan, and India. In 1993, an attempt was made by the
High Court of Azad Jammu and Kashmir to annex Gilgit Baltistan but was quashed by the Supreme Court of Pakistan
after protests by the locals of Gilgit Baltistan,
who feared domination by the Kashmiris. Government of Pakistan abolished State
Subject Rule in Gilgit Baltistan in
1974, which resulted in demographic changes in the territory. While
administratively controlled by Pakistan since the First Kashmir War, Gilgit Baltistan
has never been formally integrated into the Pakistani state and does not
participate in Pakistan's constitutional political affairs. On 29 August 2009,
the Gilgit Baltistan Empowerment and Self Governance Order 2009, was passed by
the Pakistani Cabinet and later signed by the then President of Pakistan Asif
Ali Zardari. The order granted self rule to the people of Gilgit Baltistan, by creating, among other things, an elected Gilgit Baltistan Legislative Assembly
and Gilgit Baltistan Council. Gilgit Baltistan thus gained a de facto
province like status without constitutionally becoming part of Pakistan. Gilgit Baltistan
is administratively divided into three divisions which, in turn, are divided
into ten districts, consisting of the four Baltistan
districts of Skardu, Shigar, Kharmang, and Ghanche, and the six Gilgit
districts of Gilgit, Ghizer, Diamer, Astore, Hunza and Nagar, of which Astore
and Diamer are part of Diamer Division. The principal administrative centers
are the towns of Gilgit and Skardu.
Combined population of Skardu, Shigar and Kharmang Districts. Shigar and
Kharmang Districts were carved out of Skardu District after 1998. The estimated
population of Gilgit Baltistan was about 1.8 million in 2015 and the overall
population growth rate between 1998 and 2011 was 63.1% making it 4.85% annually
and Gilgit Baltistan is the famous as northern area of Pakistan and this area
is full of natural beauty like valleys, lakes and mountain areas and these
sites are visited by tourists around glob every year.
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